Health Benefits of Indian Borage

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Indian borage, also known as Cuban oregano, Mexican mint, or Indian mint (Plectranthus amboinicus), is a fragrant herb that’s much more than a kitchen staple. Native to southern and eastern Africa and parts of Asia, this plant has been cherished for centuries in Ayurvedic and folk medicine for its ability to soothe respiratory issues, aid digestion, heal skin, and reduce inflammation. Its thick, velvety leaves release a pungent, oregano-like aroma, making it a favorite in both culinary and medicinal applications.

What Is Indian Borage?​

Indian borage (Plectranthus amboinicus) is a semi-succulent, perennial herb in the mint family (Lamiaceae), growing to over 5 feet tall with fleshy stems and thick, oval leaves that have a serrated edge. Its leaves emit a strong, minty-oregano scent when crushed, and it produces small, tubular flowers ranging from white to pale purple. Native to southern and eastern Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and India, it’s now cultivated in tropical regions worldwide, including Southeast Asia, Australia, and the Americas. Its versatility as a spice, ornamental plant, and medicinal herb has made it a beloved addition to gardens and kitchens.

Image by Spencer Wing from Pixabay

Health Benefits of Indian Borage​

Indian borage is packed with vitamins, minerals, and bioactive compounds like carvacrol, thymol, rosmarinic acid, and gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), which contribute to its health-promoting effects. While many benefits are rooted in traditional use, some are supported by preliminary research. Below are its primary benefits:

1. Supports Respiratory Health​

Indian borage is widely used to relieve respiratory issues like colds, coughs, sore throats, sinusitis, and asthma. Its compounds, carvacrol and thymol, act as expectorants, helping clear mucus and phlegm from the respiratory tract. Research suggests these phytochemicals have antimicrobial properties that combat respiratory infections, making it a go-to remedy during flu season. Chewing fresh leaves or drinking its tea can ease congestion and soothe irritated throats.

2. Aids Digestive Health​

The herb stimulates digestive enzyme production, helping to alleviate indigestion, gas, bloating, and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). In Ayurvedic medicine, it’s used to soothe stomach discomfort and promote gut health. Its anti-inflammatory properties may reduce digestive inflammation, supporting overall digestive wellness. Regular consumption, such as in tea or juice, can promote smoother digestion.

3. Promotes Skin Health​

Indian borage’s anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties make it effective for treating skin irritations like eczema, psoriasis, insect bites, and wounds. Applied topically, its crushed leaves or juice can reduce redness, swelling, and itching while promoting wound healing. Its antioxidants, including flavonoids and rosmarinic acid, protect skin from oxidative stress, potentially slowing aging signs.

4. Reduces Inflammation​

Compounds like rosmarinic acid and gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), an omega-6 fatty acid, give Indian borage potent anti-inflammatory effects. Studies on rats suggest it may reduce symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis, indicating potential for managing joint pain and other inflammatory conditions in humans, though more research is needed.

5. Boosts Immune System​

Indian borage is rich in vitamin C and vitamin A, strengthening immunity by neutralizing free radicals and reducing oxidative stress. These antioxidants, along with carotenoids, support overall health and help the body fight infections. Its antimicrobial properties further enhance its immune-boosting effects, making it a natural ally during cold season.

6. Supports Kidney Health​

As a diuretic, Indian borage promotes urination, helping to flush out toxins, excess fat, salt, and water. This supports kidney function and maintains the health of the lymphatic system, potentially aiding in detoxification and reducing fluid retention.

7. Relieves Stress and Anxiety​

Indian borage may have calming effects, helping to reduce stress and anxiety. Consumed as tea, its soothing aroma and bioactive compounds promote relaxation and emotional well-being, though its effects are less pronounced than those of adaptogenic herbs like holy basil.

8. Antibacterial and Antimicrobial Properties​

Indian borage exhibits strong antibacterial and antifungal properties, effective against various pathogens. Research shows its leaf extracts can reduce bacterial counts in food systems and natural microflora, supporting its traditional use for infections, both internally (e.g., respiratory or digestive) and externally (e.g., skin infections).

Other Potential Benefits​

Emerging research suggests Indian borage may have anti-diabetic properties by improving insulin sensitivity, anti-anxiety effects, and even potential anti-cancer benefits due to its phytochemicals. It may also prevent kidney stones, reduce blood clotting, and relieve pain, though these effects are primarily based on animal or test-tube studies and require further human research. Research suggests its essential oils have mosquito repellent properties.

In many African villages, this herb grows wild, lining footpaths and fences. It is used as a free environmentally friendly alternative for toilet paper since majority of the people use latrines for the big business.

Nutritional Content of Indian Borage​

Nutrient	Benefit	Source
Vitamin A	Supports vision, skin health	Leaves
Vitamin C	Boosts immunity, fights free radicals	Leaves
Omega-6 Fatty Acids (GLA)	Reduces inflammation, supports joint health	Seeds (oil)
Flavonoids	Antioxidant, reduces oxidative stress	Leaves
Carvacrol	Antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory	Leaves
Thymol	Expectorant, antimicrobial	Leaves
Rosmarinic Acid	Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant	Leaves

Note on Evidence: Many benefits are based on traditional use and animal or test-tube studies. While promising, human clinical trials are limited, and more research is needed to confirm efficacy and optimal dosing.

Medicinal Uses of Indian Borage​

Indian borage has been a staple in traditional medicine, particularly in Ayurveda, where it’s valued for its versatility:

• Respiratory Relief: Teas or leaf decoctions treat colds, coughs, asthma, sinusitis, and sore throats, acting as an expectorant to clear mucus.
• Digestive Support: Leaf juices or teas ease indigestion, gas, bloating, and irritable bowel syndrome.
• Skin Care: Crushed leaves are applied to wounds, eczema, insect bites, or fungal infections to reduce inflammation and promote healing.
• Fever and Pain Relief: Teas reduce fevers and soothe headaches or joint pain, often used during colds or flu.
• Kidney Health: As a diuretic, it supports kidney function and detoxification by promoting urination.
• Stress Reduction: Consumed as tea, it promotes relaxation and emotional balance.

Modern preparations include teas, juices, topical applications, essential oils, and even commercial products like syrups and powders, reflecting its broad applications.

Preparation and Application​

Indian borage is easy to incorporate into daily life through various methods:

• Tea: Steep fresh or dried leaves for a soothing drink that supports respiratory and digestive health. A traditional recipe involves boiling 12 fresh leaves with 5 honey dates in 6 cups (1.5 liters) of water until reduced to 1 liter (about 45 minutes), then straining and serving hot or chilled.
• Culinary Use: Add fresh or dried leaves to soups, stews, salads, or marinades for a robust, oregano-like flavor.
• Topical Applications: Crush fresh leaves and apply the juice to skin irritations, wounds, or insect bites.
• Essential Oils: Use diluted oils for aromatherapy or topical treatment of skin conditions.

Simple Recipe: Indian Borage Tea
Ingredients (Serves 1):

• 1–2 fresh Indian borage leaves (or 1 teaspoon dried)
• 1 cup hot water
• Optional: 1 teaspoon honey or lemon for flavor

Instructions:

1. Wash fresh leaves thoroughly to remove dirt or contaminants.
2. Place leaves (or dried herb) in a teapot or cup.
3. Pour hot water over the leaves and steep for 5–10 minutes.
4. Strain into a cup, add honey or lemon if desired, and sip slowly.
5. Drink up to three times daily, starting with a small amount to ensure tolerance.

Tip: Source Indian borage from pesticide-free areas and store fresh leaves in a cool, dry place or dry them for longer use.

Safety and Precautions​

Indian borage is generally safe in culinary amounts, but medicinal use requires caution:

• Allergies: Avoid if allergic to Lamiaceae family plants (e.g., mint, oregano, basil), as reactions like rashes may occur.
• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Limited safety data exists; consult a healthcare provider before use due to potential risks.
• Medication Interactions: May interact with blood thinners, diuretics, diabetes drugs, or blood pressure medications. Check with a doctor if on prescriptions.
• Side Effects: Excessive consumption may cause stomach upset, nausea, or dizziness. Start with small doses to monitor tolerance.
• Sourcing: Ensure plants are from clean, pesticide-free areas, as they may absorb contaminants from soil.

Always consult a healthcare provider before using Indian borage for medicinal purposes, especially if you have health conditions or are taking medications.

Indian borage's potential to support respiratory health, aid digestion, promote skin healing, reduce inflammation, boost immunity, support kidney function, and relieve stress makes it a valuable addition to natural wellness practices.